Tube-to-Plate Cold Plates (also known as embedded tube cold plates) are liquid cooling heat dissipation structures in which copper or stainless steel tubes are mechanically pressed or expanded into grooves on a metal base plate (usually aluminum or copper) to transfer heat through contact between the tube walls and the base plate. Compared with friction-welded/brazed integrally milled cold plates, they feature simple manufacturing processes, low costs, excellent pressure resistance, and flexible adjustability.